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Most generals and leaders, such as Hannibal and Alexander the Great, are renown for their victories in pitched battles, but siege tactics were a necessary and important part of conquering fortified enclaves.

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The catapult (katapeltikon) was developed around 400 BC by engineers and craftsmen assembled by Dionysius I of Syracuse. This work describes the development and operational use of siege artillery throughout the classical period.

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This volume covers such great events as the Siege of Syracuse and the Roman siege of Masada. It traces the development of siege-towers and battering-rams from the Carthaginian invasion of Sicily in the late 5th century to the fall of the Roman Empire.

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In AD 77, Roman forces under Agricola marched into the northern reaches of Britain in an attempt to pacify the Caledonian tribesman. For seven years, the Romans marched and battled across what is now Scotland. Finally, in AD 83, they fought the final battle at Mons Graupius where 10,000 Caledonians were slaughtered from only 360 Roman dead.

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With the vast expansion of the Roman Empire came a need for more fortifications to defend it. This work discusses the operation and social history behind the fortifications. It traces their history through the Batavian Revolt of the 1st century AD, until the decline of the late 3rd and 4th centuries.

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The concept of a legionary fortress as a permanent structure dates from the reign of Augustus (27 BC-AD 14). This book describes the development, design and construction of these fortresses throughout the length and breadth of the Empire. It also deals with the experience of life within a typical fortress.

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Sieges played a central role in the many conflicts of the Ancient World and many famous generals, including Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Julius Caesar and Trajan, successfully used siegecraft to gain their objectives.

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Immortalized through their exploits at the battle of Thermopylae under the legendary Leonidas, as well as countless other victories throughout the classical period, the Spartans were some of the best-trained, organized and most-feared warriors of the ancient world. This book covers various aspects of the Spartan warrior's life.