(Hardback)

This book provides readers with a long-term analysis of Chinese maritime activities and their economic consequences in industries, infrastructure, trade, migration, and government policies. It shows insight into the causes for sterility of capitalist industrialization in premodern China.

(Hardback)

Explanations relate to deficiencies of Chinese cultural values, social structure, class system, bureaucracy, and technology.

This volume examines the subject of technological development, particularly agricultural development, in order to evaluate whether China suffered all-round technological stagnation.

(Hardback)

Challenges the stereotype of premodern China as an agricultural nation by exploring China's largely ignored maritime institutions.