Thoreau's Axe: Distraction and Discipline in American Culture

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How nineteenth-century disciplines of attention anticipated the contemporary concern with mindfulness and being spiritual but not religious

Today, were driven to distraction, our attention overwhelmed by the many demands upon itmost of which emanate from our beeping and blinking digital devices. This may seem like a decidedly twenty-first-century problem, but, as Caleb Smith shows in this elegantly written, meditative work, distraction was also a serious concern in American culture two centuries ago. In Thoreaus Axe, Smith explores the strange, beautiful archives of the nineteenth-century attention revivalfrom a Protestant ministers warning against frivolous thoughts to Thoreaus reflections on wakefulness at Walden Pond. Smith examines how Americans came to embrace attention, mindfulness, and other ways of being spiritual but not religious, and how older Christian ideas about temptation and spiritual devotion endure in our modern ideas about distraction and attention.

Smith explains that nineteenth-century worries over attention developed in response to what were seen as the damaging mental effects of new technologies and economic systems. A wandering mind, once diagnosed, was in need of therapy or rehabilitation. Modeling his text after nineteenth-century books of devotion, Smith offers close readings of twenty-eight short passages about attention. Considering social reformers who designed moral training for the masses, religious leaders who organized Christian revivals, and spiritual seekers like Thoreau who experimented with regimens of simplified living and transcendental mysticism, Smith shows how disciplines of attention became the spiritual exercises of a distracted age.

Reviews

"With a colloquial tone, Smith makes a solid case that the contemporary take on distraction. . . is an old one that came about in the 19th century. . . . The result is a rousing academic study on the meanings of mindfulness." * Publishers Weekly *
"Elegant. . . . Gloomy yet humane."---Michael Ledger-Lomas, Spectator
"A fascinating new book."---Craig Fehrman, Boston Globe
"Smiths historicization of what he calls disciplines of attention offers a useful check on reactionary nostalgia. Taking the measure of the distractions of the digital present requires caution."---Len Gutkin, Chronicle Review
"Thoughtful and well-written."---Alan Dent, The Penniless Press

Author Bio

Caleb Smith is professor of English at Yale University. He is the author of The Prison and the American Imagination and The Oracle and the Curse and the editor of The Life and the Adventures of a Haunted Convict. His writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Review of Books, n+1, and other publications.