Outward: Adrienne Richs Expanding Solitudes

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The first scholarly study of Adrienne Richs full career examines the poet through her developing approach to the transformative potential of relationships

Adrienne Rich is best known as a feminist poet and activist. This iconic status owes especially to her work during the 1970s, while the distinctive political and social visions she achieved during the second half of her career remain inadequately understood. In Outward, poet, scholar, and novelist Ed Pavli considers Richs entire oeuvre to argue that her most profound contribution in poems is her emphasis on not only what goes on within us but also what goes on between us. Guided by this insight, Pavli shows how Richs most radical work depicts our livesfrom the public to the intimatein shared space rather than in owned privacy.

Informed by Pavlis friendship and correspondence with Rich, Outward explores how her poems position visionary possibilities to contend with cruelty and violence in our world. Employing an innovative framework, Pavli examines five kinds of solitude reflected in Richs poems: relational solitude, social solitude, fugitive solitude, dissident solitude, and radical solitude. He traces the importance of relationships to her early writing before turning to Richs explicitly antiracist and anticapitalist work in the 1980s, which culminates with her most extensive sequence, An Atlas of the Difficult World. Pavli concludes by examining the poets twenty-first century work and its depiction of relationships that defy historical divisions based on region, race, class, gender, and sexuality.

A deftly written engagement in which one poet works within the poems of another, Outward reveals the development of a major feminist thinker in successive phases as Rich furthers her intimate and erotic, social and political reach. Pavli illuminates Richs belief that social divisions and the power of capital inform but must never fully script our identities or our relationships to each other.

Reviews

"In Outward, Ed Pavli uncovers new layers in Adrienne Richs poems as he traverses the long arc of her career. His work contemplates Richs engagement with the individual and the collective through a lyrical give-and-take with Richs poems that offers fresh insights into her poetic development, substantively furthering our understanding of one Americas foremost poets."Jeannette E. Riley, author of Understanding Adrienne Rich

"Ed Pavli maps Adrienne Richs path as a citizen poet in his Outward, surveying the underpinning of this activists life and poetry. In this sense, Outward serves as an overlay that clarifies theories through details. Pavli shows us the paths takenuntil Rich arrives at a place called radical solitude."Yusef Komunyakaa, author of Everyday Mojo Songs of the Earth

"Outward offers a compelling new framework for approaching Adrienne Rich's six-decade-long poetic career. In its focus on Rich's unstinting lyrical and ethico-political development, Pavli's book offers a much-needed corrective to the scarcity of critical attention to the last three decades of Rich's writing life. At once a moving tribute to a mentor-friend and a robust critical assessment of her poetry, Outward will expand the scholarly conversation and introduce new generations of readers to the fullness of Rich's poetic legacy and her radical vitality as one of the nation's greatest poets."Cynthia R. Wallace, author of Of Women Borne: A Literary Ethics of Suffering

"While the level of granularity make this best suited for scholars, this will nonetheless provide that crowd with a new framework for understanding the celebrated poet."Publishers Weekly

"Outward is a very important step forward for Rich scholarship, and a lively read for anyone interested in Richs poetry and development. "News and Letters Committees

"This excellent, gracefully written book is enhanced by the authors personal connection to his subject. "CHOICE

Author Bio

Ed Pavli is distinguished research professor of English and African American studies at the University of Georgia. He is the author of twelve books, including, most recently, the poetry collection Let It Be Broke, the novel Another Kind of Madness, and the critical study Who Can Afford to Improvise James Baldwin and Black Music, the Lyric and the Listeners. He also wrote Crossroads Modernism: Descent and Emergence in African-American Literary Culture (Minnesota, 2002).