Scars of Independence: America's Violent Birth

(Paperback)

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A magisterial new work that rewrites the story of America's founding A NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW EDITORS' CHOICE A magisterial new work that rewrites the story of America's founding The American Revolution is often portrayed as an orderly, restrained rebellion, with brave patriots defending their noble ideals against an oppressive empire. It's a stirring narrative, and one the founders did their best to encourage after the war. But as historian Holger Hoock shows in this deeply researched and elegantly written account of America's founding, the Revolution was not only a high-minded battle over principles, but also a profoundly violent civil war-one that shaped the nation, and the British Empire, in ways we have only begun to understand. In Scars of Independence, Hoock writes the violence back into the story of the Revolution. American Patriots persecuted and tortured Loyalists. British troops massacred enemy soldiers and raped colonial women. Prisoners were starved on disease-ridden ships and in subterranean cells. African-Americans fighting for or against independence suffered disproportionately, and Washington's army waged a genocidal campaign against the Iroquois. In vivid, authoritative prose, Hoock's new reckoning also examines the moral dilemmas posed by this all-pervasive violence, as the British found themselves torn between unlimited war and restraint toward fellow subjects, while the Patriots documented war crimes in an ingenious effort to unify the fledgling nation. For two centuries we have whitewashed this history of the Revolution. Scars of Independence forces a more honest appraisal, revealing the inherent tensions between moral purpose and violent tendencies in America's past. In so doing, it offers a new origins story that is both relevant and necessary-an important reminder that forging a nation is rarely bloodless.

Reviews

"Drawing upon impressive research, [Hoock] makes a fluent, original and thought-provoking contribution to American Revolutionary scholarship. Hoock compellingly argues that the era was characterized by far more pervasive brutalityboth physical and psychologicalthan prevailing perceptions of a high-minded fight for liberty might suggest. Well-crafted vignettes reveal how the violence unleashed by the Revolution spread far and wide, leaving few communities immune from its effects."
The Wall Street Journal

Unsparing... a fine new book.
The Economist

"[R]evelatory... Scars of Independence [forces] readers to confront the visceral realities of a conflict too often bathed in warm, nostalgic light.... [Hoock] marshals a good deal of startling new evidence, the fruits of prodigious research in British archives too rarely used by historians of colonial America.... The myth of an America conceived in love and sprung fully formed from the thigh of George Washington misshapes our present as much as it distorts our past. Hoocks research casts a startling light on that primal scene. We must not turn away."
Jane Kamensky, The New York Times Book Review

"[A] sobering corrective to the sanitized version of the American Revolution passed down through generations.... [and] a fascinating case study in the power of myth-making.... Scars of Independence eschews comforting good/bad dichotomies in favor of assessing the past in all its complexity and ambiguity.... [A] balanced, unvarnished portrait."
The Boston Globe

"Certainly, no reader will ever be able to imagine the Revolution again as the pop-gun pageantry ... instilled in us [as] kids.... Hoock makes the wise point that, given what wars of national liberation are actually like, Americans should perhaps be disabused of our enthusiasm for nation-building and democracy exportation.... The Revolution, he shows, was far more brutal than our usual memory of it allows."
Adam Gopnik,The New Yorker

"[O]utstanding and long-overdue... [Scars of Independence] dares to look beyond the principles and perceptions of righteousness that pervade much of the popular literature on the subject, illustrating that the operational aspects of the war were fraught with atrocities and injustices... that were committed by all sides."
Journal of the American Revolution

"A fresh approach to a well-trod subject... Deeply researched and buttressed by extensive useful endnotes, this is history that will appeal to both scholars and general readers. The author presents his grim narrative in language that is vivid without becoming lurid... An accomplished, powerful presentation of the American Revolution as it was, rather than as we might wish to remember it.
Kirkus Reviews (starred)

Hoock has written a history of violence in the Revolutionary War that is as fascinating as it is enlightening.
Library Journal (starred)

In this bracing and convincing book, HolgerHoockgives us an original and thought-provoking account of the violent nature of the founding of our country. We cannot understand our past or our present without grappling with the profound issues thatHoockraises here.
Jon Meacham, Pulitzer Prize-winning author ofAmerican LionandThomas Jefferson: The Art of Power

This timely, powerful book reveals a side of America's founding too often forgotten: the American Revolution was our first civil war, and the United States that emerged long bore its scars. I have read no account of the conflict that so impressively shows how the violence of this war touched all Americans: patriot and loyalist, enslaved and free, indigenous and colonial.Hoock'scareful research and vivid writing bring to life a history at once gripping, challenging, and essential.
MayaJasanoff, Harvard University, and author ofLibertys Exiles

As Americans wed prefer to believe our revolution was inherently different from everybody elsesthat it was more about eloquent speeches in the halls of the Continental Congress than violence and bloodshed. But as HolgerHoockreveals, it took a brutal, soul-damaging war to bring our country into being. Scars of Independence is a revelatory examination of the long and bloody conflict that came to define in so many deeply troubling ways what America would become.
NathanielPhilbrick, author ofValiant Ambition

"Hoock strikes an effective balance between description and broader historical analysis, crafting a gripping narrative that holds appeal for general audiences and historians alike."
Publishers Weekly

This striking history exposes the grim realities behind Americas origin myth. But it is not an exercise in disillusionment or cynicism. By describing the Revolutionary War as it really happened,Hoockadds vividness and realism to implausible legends of heroes and saints. He sheds light on divisions that shape the world today, and most important, he reminds us how far weve come.
Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author ofThe Better Angels of Our Nature

In this deeply researched and indeed harrowing book, HolgerHoockstrips away the easy language of patriotic memory and explains just how cruel a war the American Revolution often proved, with quarter denied to prisoners, women and girls exposed to the horror of rape, and communities often degenerating into civil war. No historian beforeHoockhas made the experience of violence so central a theme of the Revolution.
JackRakove, Pulitzer Prize-winning author ofOriginal MeaningsandRevolutionaries

From the scalding tar poured on merchants and customs officials to the public stripping of women suspected of loyalist sympathies, HolgerHoocksdeep research and gripping prose expose the frightening violence of the American Revolution and overturn the sentimental myth of our nations bloodless birth.
KathleenDuVal, University of North Carolina, and author ofIndependence Lost

Engrossing This is difficult but necessary reading, a book that reminds us that victory in our Glorious Cause came at a terrible cost.
Booklist

It is difficult to extricate the Revolutionary War from the romance of national mythology, but HolgerHoockoffers an important correction inScars of Independence, the first book to examine the tragic and shocking role of violence in the conflict.
Andrew OShaughnessy, University of Virginia, and author ofThe Men Who Lost America

Scars of Independenceis a brilliant comprehensive history of the Revolutionary War that accents how this bloody and destructive conflict touched the lives of ordinary men and women. HolgerHoocksaccount goes beyond well-known Founding Fathers at war to show the violence and terror that befell soldiers and civilians on both sides. This is an important book that should be read by all who seek a better understanding of the true nature of Americas War of Independence.
JohnFerling, author ofWhirlwind: The American Revolution and the War That Won It

War by definition is about violence, but HolgerHoocksbrilliantly written book is perhaps the first to use violence as its main focus for understanding the War of American Independence. He highlights some truly shocking instances of violenceon both sidesin a gripping (if at times stomach-churning) account. All students of the American Revolution and its war should read this book.
Stephen Conway, University College London, andauthor of The British Isles and the War of American Independence

"The America of Scars of Independence is both a philosophy and a country in the process of being invented, one that looks a lot more like the one we live in today than any version weve seen before."
Under the Radar

"In this American Revolution, neighbors killed neighbors. Patriots slaughtered American Indians, and vice versa. British soldiers committed mass atrocities on the battlefield. Loyalists were tarred, feathered and worse by Patriot mobs. Hoock plays no favorites as he makes clear through copious research that there was nothing clean about the Revolution. It was messy, complicated business, drenched in blood. It was, after all, war."
Dallas Morning News

"[Hoock]vividly presents a grittier, unvarnished narrative of 'Americas first civil war'.... After this, readers will see Americas war for independence in an altogether new light."
Fort Worth Star Telegram

While the many romantic and sanitized versions of the American Revolution present it as a just and idealistic war... Hoock presents a much more complex and nuanced story of American-on-American violence.... [An] important and corrective account.
MHQ Magazine

Author Bio

Holger Hoock was educated at Freiburg and Cambridge and received his doctorate from Oxford. He currently serves as the J. Carroll Amundson Professor of British History and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies and Research in the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh. His previous books include Empires of the Imagination and The King's Artists. An elected fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Hoock has recently been a Kluge Fellow at the Library of Congress; visiting scholar at Corpus Christi College, Oxford; and senior fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study, University of Konstanz.