American National Interest: Virtue and Power in Foreign Policy

(Hardback)

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Written as a primary text for introductory courses in foreign policy, but also for the attention of the informed general readers, this volume proposes the concept of national interest as the organizing principle of American foreign policy. Arguing that foreign policy can only be successful if it takes into account both the international and domestic environments, von Vorys shows that by developing national interest as a pre-policy standard--rather than using it as a post-policy justification--foreign policies can be made and implemented that are not only successful abroad but are also widely supported at home. The author offers a general framework of national interest, spells out the hierarchy of national interests that should guide foreign policy, and identifies and classifies the range of appropriate policy options. Von Vorys also shows how in this new post Cold War era national interest can become the standard by which our international relations can be impartially evaluated. Following an introduction that reviews twentieth century American foreign policy and sets forth the basic concept of national interest, von Vorys examines in turn the three levels of national interest that determine foreign policy options: challenges to our national existence, challenges to our friends and allies, and challenges to the international order. In considering challenges to our national existence, the author addresses such issues as deterrence by strategic offense, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the SALT treaties. Turning to an examination of challenges to friends and allies, von Vorys analyzes the special obligations inherent in allied relationships, the military and political problems posed by NATO, and the question of hemispheric solidarity. Finally, von Vorys explores basic challenges to the international order. He traces the evolution of the traditional method of hegemony, the balance of power system, the attempt at a decentralized world order, and, recently, detente. Throughout, by blending the practical demands of power and the imperatives of morality, von Vorys demonstrates that by using national interest as the underlying concept, we can identify interests for which we should be ready to fight as well as those for which we should be willing to pay, to work, or, in some cases, to do nothing.

Reviews

Following an impressive survey of 20-century US foreign policy, Von Vorys (University of Pennsylvania) argues persuasively in this provocative work that Americans, rather than using national interest as postpolicy justification, must 'develop national interest as a pre-policy standard, a standard that by consensus sets the parameters for official policy. . . . 'The key is to restore elite consensus to the process. This analysis reminds one of the late Hans J. Morgenthau's 'in defense of the national interest' approach with refinements. After reviewing the previous patterns of world order, the author cautiously speculates about the dimensions of the 'new post Cold War order.' However, despite America's leading role in a great international coalition against Saddam Hussein in the Persian Gulf, one wonders whether the US is really destined to move 'Toward the Next American Century', given the present economic predicament and all the pressing domestic problems. Still another caveat about the author's analysis is his strong emphasis on US responsibilities in the Third World--laudable, but is it realistic Von Voys has solid scholarly credentials in both foreign policy and political development. Excellent bibliography and index. Recommended for upper-division undergraduate and graduate students.-Choice
"Following an impressive survey of 20-century US foreign policy, Von Vorys (University of Pennsylvania) argues persuasively in this provocative work that Americans, rather than using national interest as postpolicy justification, must 'develop national interest as a pre-policy standard, a standard that by consensus sets the parameters for official policy. . . . 'The key is to restore elite consensus to the process. This analysis reminds one of the late Hans J. Morgenthau's 'in defense of the national interest' approach with refinements. After reviewing the previous patterns of world order, the author cautiously speculates about the dimensions of the 'new post Cold War order.' However, despite America's leading role in a great international coalition against Saddam Hussein in the Persian Gulf, one wonders whether the US is really destined to move 'Toward the Next American Century', given the present economic predicament and all the pressing domestic problems. Still another caveat about the author's analysis is his strong emphasis on US responsibilities in the Third World--laudable, but is it realistic Von Voys has solid scholarly credentials in both foreign policy and political development. Excellent bibliography and index. Recommended for upper-division undergraduate and graduate students."-Choice

Author Bio

KARL VON VORYS is Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. His previous works include Political Development in Pakistan, The Political Dimensions of Foreign Aid, and Democracy without Consensus: Communalism and Politics in Malaysia.