Fixing Social Security: The Politics of Reform in a Polarized Age

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How Social Security has shaped American politicsand why it faces insolvency

Since its establishment, Social Security has become the financial linchpin of American retirement. Yet demographic trendslonger lifespans and declining birthratesmean that this popular program now pays more in benefits than it collects in revenue. Without reforms, 83 million Americans will face an immediate benefit cut of 20 percent in 2034. How did we get here and what is the solution In Fixing Social Security, R. Douglas Arnold explores the historical role that Social Security has played in American politics, why Congress has done nothing to fix its insolvency problem for three decades, and what legislators can do to save it.

What options do legislators have as the program nears the precipice They can raise taxes, as they did in 1977, cut benefits, as they did in 1983, or reinvent the program, as they attempted in 2005. Unfortunately, every option would impose costs, and legislators are reluctant to act, fearing electoral retribution. Arnold investigates why politicians designed the system as they did and how between 1935 and 1983 they allocatedand reallocatedcosts and benefits among workers, employers, and beneficiaries. He also examines public support for the program, and why Democratic and Republican representatives, once political allies in expanding Social Security, have become so deeply polarized about fixing it.

As Social Security edges closer to crisis, Fixing Social Security offers a comprehensive analysis of the political fault lines and a fresh look at what can be donebefore it is too late.

Reviews

"Winner of the Gladys M. Kammerer Award, American Political Science Association"
"With lucid prose and compelling logic, Arnold provides a masterclass of the application of theory to practical problem-solving. Fixing Social Security exemplifies the best of what political science has to offer to policy analysisit is the rare book that offers as much to scholars as it does to practitioners, and we recommend it to all interested in the intersection of politics and policymaking." * winning citation, Gladys M. Kammerer Award, American Political Science Association *

Author Bio

R. Douglas Arnold is the William Church Osborn Professor of Public Affairs Emeritus at Princeton University. His books include Congress, the Press, and Political Accountability (Princeton), The Logic of Congressional Action, and Framing the Social Security Debate.